Please note that the following document, although believed to be correct at the time of issue, may not represent the current position of the CRA.
Prenez note que ce document, bien qu'exact au moment émis, peut ne pas représenter la position actuelle de l'ARC.
Principal Issues: Are cash back incentives that are received by individual home purchasers from a realty business taxable and are the amounts paid by the company deductible?
Position: Question of fact and will depend whether the amounts received by the home purchaser would be considered income from a source.
Reasons: The Act lists the main sources of income, and a number of other miscellaneous sources. These main sources are income from office, employment income, business income, property income and capital gains. The other sources of income are found in subsection 56(1) of the Act. If the income does not fall within one of these sources of income, it is generally not taxable.
XXXXXXXXXX 2019-079663
S. D’Angelo, CPA, CMA
May 22, 2019
Dear XXXXXXXXXX:
Re: Cash back amounts received by a home purchaser
This is in reply to your correspondence of January 9, 2019, and our (D’Angelo/XXXXXXXXXX) several telephone conversations, regarding the income tax treatment of certain “cash back incentive amounts” that are received by individuals who purchase a home using the services of a real estate brokerage company realtor.
It is our understanding that a real estate brokerage company (the “Brokerage”) will share with the home buyer (the “Buyer”) part of the commission that it receives from the seller’s agent up to a maximum of $2,000 in “cash back incentive amounts” (the “Cash Back”). You have asked whether the Cash Back received by the Buyer would be taxable and whether the Cash Back paid by the Brokerage would be deductible.
Our Comments
This technical interpretation provides general comments about the provisions of the Income Tax Act (“Act”) and related legislation (where referenced). It does not confirm the income tax treatment of a particular situation involving a specific taxpayer but is intended to assist you in making that determination. The income tax treatment of a particular transaction proposed by a specific taxpayer will only be confirmed by this Directorate in the context of an advance income tax ruling request submitted in the manner set out in Information Circular IC 70-6R9, Advance Income Tax Rulings and Technical Interpretations.
Deductible Expenses
A payment will generally be deductible if it is made for the purposes of gaining or producing income from a business, it is not on account of capital, it is not a personal expense, and it is reasonable in the circumstances. Therefore, the cost of the Cash Back paid by the Brokerage to the Buyer may be deductible if the payment meets these criteria.
Receipt by the Buyer
Whether an amount paid to a Buyer in the form of cash would be taxable to the Buyer depends on the facts and circumstances of each particular transaction.
In certain situations, an amount may constitute a non-taxable windfall, gift, or voluntary payment for the person receiving it. The factors used to determine the nature of a particular payment that may be considered a windfall or gift are discussed in paragraphs 1.2 and 1.3 of Income Tax Folio, S3-F9-C1, Lottery Winnings, Miscellaneous Receipts, and Income (and Losses) from Crime (“Folio”) available on the Canada Revenue Agency website. In this case, it is unlikely that the Cash Back paid to the Buyer would satisfy the factors listed in the Folio to be considered a gift or windfall because the Cash Back is promoted on the Brokerage website and is paid to the Buyer pursuant to meeting specific requirements.
Where an amount cannot be categorized as a windfall, gift, or other voluntary payment, the amount may be taxable to the Buyer if it constitutes income from a source for the Buyer pursuant to the Act (for example, income from an office, employment, business or property).
It is a question of fact whether the Cash Back is from a source of income that is business or property. This may be the case where a Buyer is purchasing an investment property or is in the business of buying and selling homes. A Cash Back amount that is received by a Buyer who subsequently uses the property to earn income from business, property or office will likely be included in income or will reduce the capital cost of the property.
However, in our view, where property acquired is used by the Buyer for personal purposes, for example, if the property is the Buyer’s principal residence, generally, the Cash Back amount would not be considered income from a source that is taxable under the Act and would not be included in the Buyer’s income.
The Canada Revenue Agency is responsible for administering the tax system and applying current legislation, whereas the Department of Finance is responsible for developing tax policy and legislation. Therefore, any concerns regarding tax policy should be directed to the Department of Finance.
We trust these comments will be of assistance to you.
Yours truly,
Pamela Burnley, CPA, CA
Manager
Business Income and Capital Transactions Section
Business and Employment Division
Income Tax Rulings Directorate
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