Translation disclaimer
This translation was prepared by Tax Interpretations Inc. The CRA did not issue this document in the language in which it now appears, and is not responsible for any errors in its translation that might impact a reader’s understanding of it or the position(s) taken therein. See also the general Disclaimer below.
Principal Issues: 1) Whether unpaid accrued interest on a shareholder loan is an independent debt for purposes of subsection 15(2). 2) Whether subsection 80.4(2) applies on the unpaid accrued interest in the fact situation described.
Position: 1) Yes. 2) No.
Reasons: Wording of the Act.
XXXXXXXXXX
2020-087376
N. Aubin
(438) 340-0531
February 25, 2022
Dear Sir,
Subject: Application of sections 15(2) and 80.4(2)
This is in response to the December 11, 2020 request for an interpretation in which XXXXXXXXXX requests a technical interpretation regarding the application of subsections 15(2) and 80.4(2) of the Income Tax Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. 1 (5th Supp.) (the "Act") to a particular hypothetical situation (the "Particular Situation") described below. We apologize for the delay in responding to your request.
Unless otherwise indicated, all legislative references below are to the provisions of the Act.
This technical interpretation provides general comments on provisions contained in the Act and other related legislation. It is not intended to confirm the tax treatment in any particular situation, but rather to assist you in that determination. Our Directorate will only confirm the tax treatment of particular transactions in the context of a request for an advance income tax ruling as described in Information Circular IC 70-6R11, Advance Income Tax Rulings and Technical Interpretations.
You described the facts applicable to the Particular Situation as follows:
On January 1, 2019, a corporation (the "Corporation") made a loan of $1,000 (the "Loan"), bearing interest at 5% per annum, to one of its shareholders who is an individual ("Mr. A"). The Corporation's fiscal period begins on January 1 and ends on December 31 of each year. On December 31, 2020, Mr. A has not yet repaid the Loan or paid any interest. The interest on the Loan that was due on January 1, 2020 for the 2019 taxation year was $50 (the "2019 Interest").
You asked the following questions:
(1) Does the CRA consider that Mr. A must include both the amount of the Loan ($1,000) and the amount of the 2019 Interest ($50) in computing his income for the 2019 taxation year pursuant to subsection 15(2) or, to the contrary, does the CRA consider that because the amount of the Loan ($1,000) is included in Mr. A's income, no unpaid interest is required to be included in that same calculation pursuant to subsection 15(2)? Is the 2019 Interest a separate debt from the Loan for the purposes of subsection 15(2)?
(2) To the extent that the 2019 Interest is considered by the CRA to be a debt separate from the Loan for the purposes of subsection 15(2), and is paid on December 15, 2020, should a deemed benefit be computed on this $50 debt and then included in Mr. A's income for the 2019 taxation year pursuant to subsection 80.4(2)? Would the answer differ depending on whether the amount of the Loan ($1,000) is repaid before the end of the 2020 year?
Our Comments
For the purposes of this interpretation, we have assumed that Mr. A and Corporation are resident in Canada for the purposes of the Act, that Mr. A received the Loan by virtue of being a shareholder of Corporation, and that Corporation does not carry on a money lending business.
For greater clarity, we have also assumed that under the terms and conditions of the Loan agreement, interest is payable annually and is not capitalized to the Loan amount when unpaid on the anniversary date of the Loan.
Our general comments are based on the assumptions made above. However, the analysis of the issues raised in your application should be carried out on a case-by-case basis, based on the facts and circumstances of each situation, according to the terms and conditions of the loan agreement and taking into account the applicable private law.
Question 1
Subsection 15(2) provides, inter alia, that a shareholder of a particular corporation (or a person connected with a shareholder) who, in a taxation year, receives a loan from, or becomes indebted to, the particular corporation is required to include the amount of the loan in computing the shareholder's income for the year.
Subsection 15(2.6) provides that subsection 15(2) does not apply to a loan or an indebtedness repaid within one year after the end of the taxation year of the lender or creditor in which the loan was made or the indebtedness arose, where it is established, by subsequent events or otherwise, that the repayment was not part of a series of loans or other transactions and repayments.
Similar rules to the shareholder loan measures summarized above are provided in subsections 90(6) to 90(8) in a cross-border context. These provisions apply, for example, where a person receives a loan from or becomes indebted to a creditor that is a foreign affiliate of a taxpayer resident in Canada. The conditions for the application of subsection 90(6) are similar to the conditions for the application of subsection 15(2).
In Question 3(b) (footnote 1) of the May 22, 2014 International Fiscal Association Conference Roundtable, the CRA indicated that subsection 90(6) applies to the loan as well as to interest accrued on the loan, payable at the end of the term of the loan, from the year in which such interest begins to accrue (footnote 2).
The terms and conditions of the Loan and 2019 Interest are not listed in detail in the Particular Situation. However, given the similarity of the provisions of subsections 15(2) and 90(6), the CRA's position in Question 3(b) could apply for purposes of subsection 15(2) to interest accrued on a loan if the other conditions are otherwise satisfied.
Based on the facts provided in your request for an interpretation, it is the CRA's view that the 2019 Interest would be a separate debt from the Loan for the purposes of subsection 15(2). If the 2019 Interest was unpaid on December 31, 2020, the exception in subsection 15(2.6) would not apply to remove the 2019 Interest from the application of subsection 15(2) to Mr. A since the 2019 Interest would remain unpaid at the end of the one-year period following the Corporation's 2019 year-end. Mr. A would then be required to include the amount of the 2019 Interest in his income for 2019 pursuant to subsection 15(2), regardless of whether the Loan was also included in Mr. A's income under subsection 15(2).
Furthermore, Mr. A may be entitled to a deduction in computing his income for the year in which any portion of the 2019 Loan or Interest, as the case may be, is repaid, if the conditions described in paragraph 20(1)(j) are satisfied.
Question 2
In summary, the provisions of subsection 80.4(2) deem a shareholder to have received an amount of interest on a loan received from, or a debt incurred by the shareholder to, the corporation by virtue of being a shareholder of the corporation. for the period during which the loan or debt remained outstanding. The amount of the benefit computed under subsection 80.4(2) for the year is the amount of interest at the prescribed rate that would be payable on that loan or indebtedness for the period in the year during which the loan or debt remained outstanding, less the amount of interest paid to the corporation on or before 30 days after the end of the debtor's year in which the loan or debt remained outstanding.
In addition, pursuant to paragraph 80.4(3)(b), subsection 80.4(2) does not apply to a loan or debt (or part of a loan or debt) that has been included in the income of a person under Part I.
The underlying purpose of subsection 80.4(2) is to apply to low-interest or non-interest-bearing loans or debt between a corporation and its shareholders. It is the CRA's view that computing a benefit pursuant to subsection 80.4(2) in respect of interest accrued on a loan in a situation such as the Particular Situation would not be consistent with a textual, contextual and purposive analysis of subsection 80.4(2).
While the phrase "incurred a debt" could, if applicable, include accrued interest, it is the CRA's view that accrued interest such as 2019 Interest in the Particular Situation does not meet the meaning of "debt" in the context of a textual, contextual and purposive interpretation of subsection 80.4(2).
In the Particular Situation, it is the CRA's view that subsection 80.4(2) would not apply for the 2019 year to the 2019 Interest paid on December 15, 2020, whether or not the Loan is repaid before the Corporation's 2020 year-end.
Note that subsection 80.4(2) would, however, apply in respect of the 2019 Loan if all conditions are otherwise satisfied. It should also be noted that the application of subsection 80.4(2) to both the 2019 Interest and the 2020 Loan would have to be considered in light of the facts of a particular situation.
We hope that our comments are of assistance.
Best regards,
Urszula Chalupa, LL.B, M. Fisc.
for the Director
Reorganizations Division
Income Tax Rulings Directorate
Legislative Policy and Regulatory Affairs Branch
FOOTNOTES
Note to reader: Because of our system requirements, the footnotes contained in the original document are shown below instead:
1 CANADA REVENUE AGENCY, Technical Interpretation 2014-0526731C6, May 22, 2014.
2 The CRA's response in Interpretation 2014-0526731C6 reads as follows: "[I]n our view subsection 90(6) can apply to accrued interest that has not yet become payable under the terms of a loan. The example provided describes a loan with a three year term where interest and principal are payable together on the maturity of the loan. In such a case, we would consider subsection 90(6) to apply to the full amount of the principal portion of the loan, as well as to any interest that accrued in year one. Provided the loan and accrued interest are paid in full immediately upon the maturity of the loan, the interest that accrues in years two and three would be excepted from subsection 90(6) by paragraph 90(8)(a). In any event, a deduction under subsection 90(14) would be available when the loan, including accrued interest, is finally repaid."
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